完形填空 20 题 10 分，考的是上下文逻辑而非孤立词义——同义复现和逻辑关系词占了大半分值。 阅读理解里，逻辑词还是定位答案的路标：转折之后、因果之后、举例之前， 往往就是出题句。这张表两处通吃，值得背熟。
一、八类逻辑关系词全表
转折（前后相反，答案常在转折后）
but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, instead, rather, conversely, unfortunately, ironically
因果（原因在前，结果在后／反之）
表原因：because, since, as, for, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, in that, given that
表结果：so, thus, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence, thereby
让步（承认前者，重点仍在后者）
although, though, even though, even if, while, despite, in spite of, regardless of, notwithstanding, admittedly, granted that, after all
递进（同向加码）
moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, additionally, what is more, above all, indeed, even, not only ... but also
对比与并列（同向罗列或两两相较）
similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally, meanwhile, on the one hand ... on the other hand, first / second / finally, for one thing ... for another
举例与说明
for example, for instance, such as, namely, that is (to say), in other words, specifically, to illustrate, take ... as an example
条件与目的
if, unless, provided that, as long as, in case, once, suppose that, so that, in order to, for the purpose of, with a view to
总结与强调
in short, in brief, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, overall, in essence, above all, particularly, notably, in particular
二、完形填空四步法
- 先读首句——首句从不设空，交代主题与基调，是全文的定盘星。
- 通读全文再动笔——完形是「一篇文章」不是「二十个独立空」， 后文常常给出前面空的答案。第一遍不确定的先跳过。
- 优先判逻辑关系——空前后是转折、因果还是递进，定了关系再从选项里挑词， 比逐个查词义快得多，也准得多。
- 找同义复现与原词复现——正确选项经常是上文某个词的同义替换。 全篇反复出现的概念，就是设空处最可能填的方向。
取舍：完形 20 题只有 10 分，控制在 15 分钟内， 不要为了两三个空反复纠结，性价比远低于阅读。
三、逻辑词在阅读中的三种用法
| 场景 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| 定位出题句 | 转折词之后、因果连接词之后的句子，是细节题和推断题的高发地 |
| 判作者态度 | unfortunately / ironically / admittedly 等词直接暴露褒贬 |
| 拆长难句 | 先划掉 although / while / because 引导的从句，先找主句的主谓 |
四、五组最容易读反的连接词
- while——句首多为「虽然／然而」（让步或对比），不是「当……的时候」。
- since——句首可为「因为」，不只是「自从」。
- as——一词多义：因为／当……时／随着／像……一样，靠句内成分判断。
- after all——「毕竟」（给出理由），不是「最后」。
- rather than——「而不是」，否定的是后面那个；
other than才是「除了」。
五、写作中的用法提醒
作文里用这些词能提升连贯性，但有三条边界：
- 一段里同类连接词只用一次，
moreover和furthermore不要连着出现。 firstly / secondly / finally适合罗列要点，不适合议论段内部推进， 段内推进用More importantly/What is more。- 口语化的
and so、plus、what's more（缩写形式）在书面作文里换成完整形式。